JavaScript使用方法和技巧大全
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有些時候你精通一門語言,但是會發(fā)現(xiàn)你其實整天在和其它語言打交道,也許你以為這些微不足道,不至于影響你的開發(fā)進度,但恰恰是這些你不重視的東西會浪費你很多時間,我一直以為我早在幾年前就已經(jīng)精通JavaScript了,直到目前,我才越來越覺得JavaScript遠比我想象的復雜和強大,我開始崇拜它,就像崇拜所有OOP語言一樣~
趁著節(jié)日的空隙,把有關JavaScript的方法和技巧整理下,讓每個在為JavaScript而煩惱的人明白,JavaScript就這么回事!并希望JavaScript還可以成為你的朋友,讓你豁然開朗,在項目中更好的應用~ 適合閱讀范圍:對JavaScript一無所知~離精通只差一步之遙的人 基礎知識:HTML JavaScript就這么回事:基礎知識 1 創(chuàng)建腳本塊 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: JavaScript code goes here 3: </script> 2 隱藏腳本代碼 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: <!-- 3: document.write("Hello"); 4: // --> 5: </script> 在不支持JavaScript的瀏覽器中將不執(zhí)行相關代碼 3 瀏覽器不支持的時候顯示 1: <noscript> 2: Hello to the non-JavaScript browser. 3: </noscript> 4 鏈接外部腳本文件 1: <script language="JavaScript" src="filename.js"></script> 5 注釋腳本 1: // This is a comment 2: document.write("Hello"); // This is a comment 3: /* 4: All of this 5: is a comment 6: */ 6 輸出到瀏覽器 1: document.write("<strong>Hello</strong>"); 7 定義變量 1: var myVariable = "some value"; 8 字符串相加 1: var myString = "String1" + "String2"; 9 字符串搜索 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: <!-- 3: var myVariable = "Hello there"; 4: var therePlace = myVariable.search("there"); 5: document.write(therePlace); 6: // --> 7: </script> 10 字符串替換 1: thisVar.replace("Monday","Friday"); 11 格式化字串 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: <!-- 3: var myVariable = 'Hello there"; 4: document.write(myVariable.big() + "<br>"); 5: document.write(myVariable.blink() + "<br>"); 6: document.write(myVariable.bold() + "<br>"); 7: document.write(myVariable.fixed() + "<br>"); 8: document.write(myVariable.fontcolor("red") + "<br>"); 9: document.write(myVariable.fontsize("18pt") + "<br>"); 10: document.write(myVariable.italics() + "<br>"); 11: document.write(myVariable.small() + "<br>"); 12: document.write(myVariable.strike() + "<br>"); 13: document.write(myVariable.sub() + "<br>"); 14: document.write(myVariable.sup() + "<br>"); 15: document.write(myVariable.toLowerCase() + "<br>"); 16: document.write(myVariable.toUpperCase() + "<br>"); 17: 18: var firstString = "My String"; 19: var finalString = firstString.bold().toLowerCase().fontcolor("red"); 20: // --> 21: </script> 12 創(chuàng)建數(shù)組 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: <!-- 3: var myArray = new Array(5); 4: myArray[0] = "First Entry"; 5: myArray[1] = "Second Entry"; 6: myArray[2] = "Third Entry"; 7: myArray[3] = "Fourth Entry"; 8: myArray[4] = "Fifth Entry"; 9: var anotherArray = new Array("First Entry","Second Entry","Third Entry","Fourth Entry","Fifth Entry"); 10: // --> 11: </script> 13 數(shù)組排序 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: <!-- 3: var myArray = new Array(5); 4: myArray[0] = "z"; 5: myArray[1] = "c"; 6: myArray[2] = "d"; 7: myArray[3] = "a"; 8: myArray[4] = "q"; 9: document.write(myArray.sort()); 10: // --> 11: </script> 14 分割字符串 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: <!-- 3: var myVariable = "a,b,c,d"; 4: var stringArray = myVariable.split(","); 5: document.write(stringArray[0]); 6: document.write(stringArray[1]); 7: document.write(stringArray[2]); 8: document.write(stringArray[3]); 9: // --> 10: </script> 15 彈出警告信息 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: <!-- 3: window.alert("Hello"); 4: // --> 5: </script> 16 彈出確認框 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: <!-- 3: var result = window.confirm("Click OK to continue"); 4: // --> 5: </script> 17 定義函數(shù) 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: <!-- 3: function multiple(number1,number2) { 4: var result = number1 * number2; 5: return result; 6: } 7: // --> 8: </script> 18 調用JS函數(shù) 1: <a href="#" onClick="functionName()">Link text</a> 2: <a >Link text</a> 19 在頁面加載完成后執(zhí)行函數(shù) 1: <body onLoad="functionName();"> 2: Body of the page 3: </body> 20 條件判斷 1: <script> 2: <!-- 3: var userChoice = window.confirm("Choose OK or Cancel"); 4: var result = (userChoice == true) ? "OK" : "Cancel"; 5: document.write(result); 6: // --> 7: </script> 21 指定次數(shù)循環(huán) 1: <script> 2: <!-- 3: var myArray = new Array(3); 4: myArray[0] = "Item 0"; 5: myArray[1] = "Item 1"; 6: myArray[2] = "Item 2"; 7: for (i = 0; i < myArray.length; i++) { 8: document.write(myArray[i] + "<br>"); 9: } 10: // --> 11: </script> 22 設定將來執(zhí)行 1: <script> 2: <!-- 3: function hello() { 4: window.alert("Hello"); 5: } 6: window.setTimeout("hello()",5000); 7: // --> 8: </script> 23 定時執(zhí)行函數(shù) 1: <script> 2: <!-- 3: function hello() { 4: window.alert("Hello"); 5: window.setTimeout("hello()",5000); 6: } 7: window.setTimeout("hello()",5000); 8: // --> 9: </script> 24 取消定時執(zhí)行 1: <script> 2: <!-- 3: function hello() { 4: window.alert("Hello"); 5: } 6: var myTimeout = window.setTimeout("hello()",5000); 7: window.clearTimeout(myTimeout); 8: // --> 9: </script> 25 在頁面卸載時候執(zhí)行函數(shù) 1: <body onUnload="functionName();"> 2: Body of the page 3: </body> JavaScript就這么回事2:瀏覽器輸出 26 訪問document對象 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var myURL = document.URL; 3: window.alert(myURL); 4: </script> 27 動態(tài)輸出HTML 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: document.write("<p>Here’s some information about this document:</p>"); 3: document.write("<ul>"); 4: document.write("<li>Referring Document: " + document.referrer + "</li>"); 5: document.write("<li>Domain: " + document.domain + "</li>"); 6: document.write("<li>URL: " + document.URL + "</li>"); 7: document.write("</ul>"); 8: </script> 28 輸出換行 1: document.writeln("<strong>a</strong>"); 2: document.writeln("b"); 29 輸出日期 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var thisDate = new Date(); 3: document.write(thisDate.toString()); 4: </script> 30 指定日期的時區(qū) 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var myOffset = -2; 3: var currentDate = new Date(); 4: var userOffset = currentDate.getTimezoneOffset()/60; 5: var timeZoneDifference = userOffset - myOffset; 6: currentDate.setHours(currentDate.getHours() + timeZoneDifference); 7: document.write("The time and date in Central Europe is: " + currentDate.toLocaleString()); 8: </script> 31 設置日期輸出格式 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var thisDate = new Date(); 3: var thisTimeString = thisDate.getHours() + ":" + thisDate.getMinutes(); 4: var thisDateString = thisDate.getFullYear() + "/" + thisDate.getMonth() + "/" + thisDate.getDate(); 5: document.write(thisTimeString + " on " + thisDateString); 6: </script> 32 讀取URL參數(shù) 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var urlParts = document.URL.split("?"); 3: var parameterParts = urlParts[1].split("&"); 4: for (i = 0; i < parameterParts.length; i++) { 5: var pairParts = parameterParts[i].split("="); 6: var pairName = pairParts[0]; 7: var pairValue = pairParts[1]; 8: document.write(pairName + " :" +pairValue ); 9: } 10: </script> 你還以為HTML是無狀態(tài)的么? 33 打開一個新的document對象 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: function newDocument() { 3: document.open(); 4: document.write("<p>This is a New Document.</p>"); 5: document.close(); 6: } 7: </script> 34 頁面跳轉 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: window.location = "http://www.qpsh.com"; 3: </script> 35 添加網(wǎng)頁加載進度窗口 1: <html> 2: <head> 3: <script language='javaScript'> 4: var placeHolder = window.open('http://www.qpsh.com','placeholder','width=200,height=200'); 5: </script> 6: <title>The Main Page</title> 7: </head> 8: <body onLoad='placeHolder.close()'> 9: <p>This is the main page</p> 10: </body> 11: </html> JavaScript就這么回事3:圖像 36 讀取圖像屬性 1: <img src="http://www.qpsh.com/images/logo.jpg" name="myImage"> 2: <a onClick="window.alert(document.myImage.width)">Width</a> 3: 37 動態(tài)加載圖像 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: myImage = new Image; 3: myImage.src = "http://www.qpsh.com/images/logo.jpg"; 4: </script> 38 簡單的圖像替換 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: rollImage = new Image; 3: rollImage.src = "http://www.qpsh.com/images/logo.jpg"; 4: defaultImage = new Image; 5: defaultImage.src = "image1.jpg"; 6: </script> 7: <a onMouseOver="document.myImage.src = rollImage.src;" 8: onMouseOut="document.myImage.src = defaultImage.src;"> 9: <img src="http://www.qpsh.com/images/logo.jpg" name="myImage" width=100 height=100 border=0> 39 隨機顯示圖像 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var imageList = new Array; 3: imageList[0] = "image1.jpg"; 4: imageList[1] = "image2.jpg"; 5: imageList[2] = "image3.jpg"; 6: imageList[3] = "image4.jpg"; 7: var imageChoice = Math.floor(Math.random() * imageList.length); 8: document.write(‘<img src="’ + imageList[imageChoice] + ‘">’); 9: </script> 40 函數(shù)實現(xiàn)的圖像替換 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var source = 0; 3: var replacement = 1; 4: function createRollOver(originalImage,replacementImage) { 5: var imageArray = new Array; 6: imageArray[source] = new Image; 7: imageArray[source].src = originalImage; 8: imageArray[replacement] = new Image; 9: imageArray[replacement].src = replacementImage; 10: return imageArray; 11: } 12: var rollImage1 = createRollOver("image1.jpg","rollImage1.jpg"); 13: </script> 14: <a href="#" onMouseOver="document.myImage1.src = rollImage1[replacement].src;" 15: onMouseOut="document.myImage1.src = rollImage1[source].src;"> 16: <img src="/"image1.jpg"" width=100 name="myImage1" border=0> 17: </a> 41 創(chuàng)建幻燈片 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var imageList = new Array; 3: imageList[0] = new Image; 4: imageList[0].src = "image1.jpg"; 5: imageList[1] = new Image; 6: imageList[1].src = "image2.jpg"; 7: imageList[2] = new Image; 8: imageList[2].src = "image3.jpg"; 9: imageList[3] = new Image; 10: imageList[3].src = "image4.jpg"; 11: function slideShow(imageNumber) { 12: document.slideShow.src = imageList[imageNumber].src; 13: imageNumber += 1; 14: if (imageNumber < imageList.length) { 15: window.setTimeout("slideShow(" + imageNumber + ")",3000); 16: } 17: } 18: </script> 19: </head> 20: <body onLoad="slideShow(0)"> 21: <img src="/"image1.jpg"" width=100 name="slideShow"> 42 隨機廣告圖片 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var imageList = new Array; 3: imageList[0] = "image1.jpg"; 4: imageList[1] = "image2.jpg"; 5: imageList[2] = "image3.jpg"; 6: imageList[3] = "image4.jpg"; 7: var urlList = new Array; 8: urlList[0] = "http://www.qpsh.com/"; 9: urlList[1] = "http://www.qpsh.com/"; 10:urlList[2] = "http://www.qpsh.com/"; 11:urlList[3] = "http://www.qpsh.com/"; 12:var imageChoice = Math.floor(Math.random() * imageList.length); 13:document.write('<a href="’ + urlList[imageChoice] + '"><img src="' + imageList[imageChoice] + '"></a>'); 14:</script> JavaScript就這么回事4:表單 還是先繼續(xù)寫完JS就這么回事系列吧~ 43 表單構成 1: <form method="post" action="target.html" name="thisForm"> 2: <input type="text" name="myText"> 3: <select name="mySelect"> 4: <option value="1">First Choice</option> 5: <option value="2">Second Choice</option> 6: </select> 7: <br> 8: <input type="submit" value="Submit Me"> 9: </form> 44 訪問表單中的文本框內(nèi)容 1: <form name="myForm"> 2: <input type="text" name="myText"> 3: </form> 4: <a href='#' onClick='window.alert(document.myForm.myText.value);'>Check Text Field</a> 45 動態(tài)復制文本框內(nèi)容 1: <form name="myForm"> 2: Enter some Text: <input type="text" name="myText"><br> 3: Copy Text: <input type="text" name="copyText"> 4: </form> 5: <a href="#" onClick="document.myForm.copyText.value = 6: document.myForm.myText.value;">Copy Text Field</a> 46 偵測文本框的變化 1: <form name="myForm"> 2: Enter some Text: <input type="text" name="myText" onChange="alert(this.value);"> 3: </form> 47 訪問選中的Select 1: <form name="myForm"> 2: <select name="mySelect"> 3: <option value="First Choice">1</option> 4: <option value="Second Choice">2</option> 5: <option value="Third Choice">3</option> 6: </select> 7: </form> 8: <a href='#' onClick='alert(document.myForm.mySelect.value);'>Check Selection List</a> 48 動態(tài)增加Select項 1: <form name="myForm"> 2: <select name="mySelect"> 3: <option value="First Choice">1</option> 4: <option value="Second Choice">2</option> 5: </select> 6: </form> 7: <script language="JavaScript"> 8: document.myForm.mySelect.length++; 9: document.myForm.mySelect.options[document.myForm.mySelect.length - 1].text = "3"; 10: document.myForm.mySelect.options[document.myForm.mySelect.length - 1].value = "Third Choice"; 11: </script> 49 驗證表單字段 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: function checkField(field) { 3: if (field.value == "") { 4: window.alert("You must enter a value in the field"); 5: field.focus(); 6: } 7: } 8: </script> 9: <form name="myForm" action="target.html"> 10: Text Field: <input type="text" name="myField"onBlur="checkField(this)"> 11: <br><input type="submit"> 12: </form> 50 驗證Select項 1: function checkList(selection) { 2: if (selection.length == 0) { 3: window.alert("You must make a selection from the list."); 4: return false; 5: } 6: return true; 7: } 51 動態(tài)改變表單的action 1: <form name="myForm" action="login.html"> 2: Username: <input type="text" name="username"><br> 3: Password: <input type="password" name="password"><br> 4: <input type="button" value="Login" onClick="this.form.submit();"> 5: <input type="button" value="Register" onClick="this.form.action = ‘register.html’; this.form.submit();"> 6: <input type="button" value="Retrieve Password" onClick="this.form.action = ‘password.html’; this.form.submit();"> 7: </form> 52 使用圖像按鈕 1: <form name="myForm" action="login.html"> 2: Username: <input type="text" name="username"><br> 3: Password: <input type="password"name="password"><br> 4: <input type="image" src="/"login.gif"" value="Login"> 5: </form> 6: 53 表單數(shù)據(jù)的加密 1: <SCRIPT LANGUAGE='JavaScript'> 2: <!-- 3: function encrypt(item) { 4: var newItem = ''; 5: for (i=0; i < item.length; i++) { 6: newItem += item.charCodeAt(i) + '.'; 7: } 8: return newItem; 9: } 10: function encryptForm(myForm) { 11: for (i=0; i < myForm.elements.length; i++) { 12: myForm.elements[i].value = encrypt(myForm.elements[i].value); 13: } 14: } 15: 16: //--> 17: </SCRIPT> 18: <form name='myForm' onSubmit='encryptForm(this); window.alert(this.myField.value);'> 19: Enter Some Text: <input type=text name=myField><input type=submit> 20: </form> JavaScript就這么回事5:窗口和框架 54 改變?yōu)g覽器狀態(tài)欄文字提示 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: window.status = "A new status message"; 3: </script> 55 彈出確認提示框 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var userChoice = window.confirm("Click OK or Cancel"); 3: if (userChoice) { 4: document.write("You chose OK"); 5: } else { 6: document.write("You chose Cancel"); 7: } 8: </script> 56 提示輸入 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var userName = window.prompt("Please Enter Your Name","Enter Your Name Here"); 3: document.write("Your Name is " + userName); 4: </script> 57 打開一個新窗口 1: //打開一個名稱為myNewWindow的瀏覽器新窗口 2: <script language="JavaScript"> 3: window.open("http://www.qpsh.com/","myNewWindow"); 4: </script> 58 設置新窗口的大小 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: window.open("http://www.qpsh.com/","myNewWindow",'height=300,width=300'); 3: </script> 59 設置新窗口的位置 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: window.open("http://www.qpsh.com/","myNewWindow",'height=300,width=300,left=200,screenX=200,top=100,screenY=100'); 3: </script> 60 是否顯示工具欄和滾動欄 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: window.open("http: 61 是否可以縮放新窗口的大小 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: window.open('http://www.qpsh.com/' , 'myNewWindow', 'resizable=yes' );</script> 62 加載一個新的文檔到當前窗口 1: <a href='#' onClick='document.location = 'http://www.qpsh.com/';' >Open New Document</a> 63 設置頁面的滾動位置 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: if (document.all) { //如果是IE瀏覽器則使用scrollTop屬性 3: document.body.scrollTop = 200; 4: } else { //如果是NetScape瀏覽器則使用pageYOffset屬性 5: window.pageYOffset = 200; 6: }</script> 64 在IE中打開全屏窗口 1: <a href='#' onClick="window.open('http://www.qpsh.com/','newWindow','fullScreen=yes');">Open a full-screen window</a> 65 新窗口和父窗口的操作 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: //定義新窗口 3: var newWindow = window.open("http://www.qpsh.com/","newWindow"); 4: newWindow.close(); //在父窗口中關閉打開的新窗口 5: </script> 6: 在新窗口中關閉父窗口 7: window.opener.close() 66 往新窗口中寫內(nèi)容 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var newWindow = window.open("","newWindow"); 3: newWindow.document.open(); 4: newWindow.document.write("This is a new window"); 5: newWIndow.document.close(); 6: </script> 67 加載頁面到框架頁面 1: <frameset cols="50%,*"> 2: <frame name="frame1" src="/"135a.html""> 3: <frame name="frame2" src="/"about:blank""> 4: </frameset> 5: 在frame1中加載frame2中的頁面 6: parent.frame2.document.location = "135b.html"; 68 在框架頁面之間共享腳本 如果在frame1中html文件中有個腳本 1: function doAlert() { 2: window.alert("Frame 1 is loaded"); 3: } 那么在frame2中可以如此調用該方法 1: <body onLoad="parent.frame1.doAlert();"> 2: This is frame 2. 3: </body> 69 數(shù)據(jù)公用 可以在框架頁面定義數(shù)據(jù)項,使得該數(shù)據(jù)可以被多個框架中的頁面公用 1: <script language="JavaScript"> 2: var persistentVariable = "This is a persistent value"; 3: </script> 4: <frameset cols="50%,*"> 5: <frame name="frame1" src="/"138a.html""> 6: <frame name="frame2" src="/"138b.html""> 7: </frameset> 這樣在frame1和frame2中都可以使用變量persistentVariable 70 框架代碼庫 根據(jù)以上的一些思路,我們可以使用一個隱藏的框架頁面來作為整個框架集的代碼庫 1: <frameset cols="0,50%,*"> 2: <frame name="codeFrame" src="/"140code.html""> 3: <frame name="frame1" src="/"140a.html""> 4: <frame name="frame2" src="/"140b.html""> 5: </frameset> 該文章在 2010/12/18 12:53:48 編輯過 |
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