1、Task產(chǎn)生背景

Task出現(xiàn)之前，微軟的多線程處理方式有：Thread→ThreadPool→委托的異步調(diào)用，雖然也可以基本業(yè)務(wù)需要的多線程場景，但它們在多個線程的等待處理方面、資源占用方面、線程延續(xù)和阻塞方面、線程的取消方面等都顯得比較笨拙，在面對復雜的業(yè)務(wù)場景下，顯得有點捉襟見肘了。

ThreadPool相比Thread來說具備了很多優(yōu)勢，但是ThreadPool卻又存在一些使用上的不方便。比如：

• ThreadPool不支持線程的取消、完成、失敗通知等交互性操作；

• ThreadPool不支持線程執(zhí)行的先后次序；

正是在這種背景下，Task應運而生。Task是微軟在.Net 4.0時代推出來的，也是微軟極力推薦的一種多線程的處理方式，Task看起來像一個Thread，實際上，它是在ThreadPool的基礎(chǔ)上進行的封裝，Task的控制和擴展性很強，在線程的延續(xù)、阻塞、取消、超時等方面遠勝于Thread和ThreadPool。以下是一個簡單的任務(wù)示例：

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    Task t = new Task(() =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine("任務(wù)開始工作……");
        Thread.Sleep(5000);  //模擬工作過程
    });
    t.Start();
    t.ContinueWith(task =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine("任務(wù)完成，完成時候的狀態(tài)為：");
        Console.WriteLine("IsCanceled={0}\tIsCompleted={1}\tIsFaulted={2}", 
                          task.IsCanceled, task.IsCompleted, task.IsFaulted);
    });
    Console.ReadKey();
}

2、Task使用方法

2.1　創(chuàng)建和啟動任務(wù)

2.1.1 無返回值的方式

方式1:調(diào)用Start方法

var t1 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 1"));
t1.Start();
Task.WaitAll(t1);//等待所有任務(wù)結(jié)束

任務(wù)的狀態(tài)：Start之前為created，之后為WaitingToRun

方式2:靜態(tài)方法Run

Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 2"));

方式3:TaskFactory工廠

// 方法1. TaskFactory工廠
TaskFactory taskFactory = new TaskFactory() ;
taskFactory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 3"));
// 方法2. Task.Factory屬性
Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 3"));
//或者
var t3=Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 3"));
Task.WaitAll(t3);

任務(wù)的狀態(tài)：Start之前為Running，之后為Running

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var t1 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 1"));
    var t2 = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 2"));
    t2.Start();
    t1.Start();
    Task.WaitAll(t1, t2);
    Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 3"));
    Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 4"));
    //標記為長時間運行任務(wù),則任務(wù)不會使用線程池,而在單獨的線程中運行。
    Task.Factory.StartNew(() => TaskMethod("Task 5"), TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
    
    #region 常規(guī)的使用方式
    Console.WriteLine("主線程執(zhí)行業(yè)務(wù)處理.");
    //創(chuàng)建任務(wù)
    Task task = new Task(() =>
                         {
                             Console.WriteLine("使用`System.Threading.Tasks.Task`執(zhí)行異步操作.");
                             for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                             {
                                 Console.WriteLine(i);
                             }
                         });
    //啟動任務(wù),并安排到當前任務(wù)隊列線程中執(zhí)行任務(wù)(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler)
    task.Start();
    Console.WriteLine("主線程執(zhí)行其他處理");
    task.Wait();
    #endregion
    Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(1));
    Console.ReadLine();
}
static void TaskMethod(string name)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                      name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
}

方式4:RunSynchronously同步啟動

Task實例化后調(diào)用同步方法RunSynchronously，進行線程啟動。(PS: 類似委托開啟線程，BeginInvoke是異步，而Invoke是同步)

var task = new Task(() => TaskMethod("Task 1"));
task.RunSynchronously();

async/await的實現(xiàn)方式

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        async static void AsyncFunction()
        {
            await Task.Delay(1);
            Console.WriteLine("使用`System.Threading.Tasks.Task`執(zhí)行異步操作.");
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("AsyncFunction:i={0}", i));
            }
        }
        public static void Main()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("主線程執(zhí)行業(yè)務(wù)處理.");
            AsyncFunction();
            Console.WriteLine("主線程執(zhí)行其他處理");
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Main:i={0}", i));
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

2.1.2 帶返回值的方式

方式4:

Task<int> task = createTask("Task 1");
task.Start(); 
int result = task.Result;

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static Task<int> createTask(string name)
        {
            return new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod(name));
        }
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            TaskMethod("Main Thread Task");
            Task<int> task = createTask("Task 1");
            task.Start();
            int result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Task 1 Result is: {0}", result);
            task = createTask("Task 2"); 
            task.RunSynchronously(); //該任務(wù)會運行在主線程中
            result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Task 2 Result is: {0}", result);
            task = createTask("Task 3");
            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
            task.Start();
            while (!task.IsCompleted)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(0.5));
            }
            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
            result = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Task 3 Result is: {0}", result);
            #region 常規(guī)使用方式
            //創(chuàng)建任務(wù)
            Task<int> getsumtask = new Task<int>(() => Getsum());
            //啟動任務(wù),并安排到當前任務(wù)隊列線程中執(zhí)行任務(wù)(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler)
            getsumtask.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("主線程執(zhí)行其他處理");
            getsumtask.Wait(); //等待任務(wù)的完成執(zhí)行過程
            Console.WriteLine("任務(wù)執(zhí)行結(jié)果：{0}", getsumtask.Result.ToString());//獲得任務(wù)的執(zhí)行結(jié)果
            #endregion
        }
        static int TaskMethod(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(2));
            return 42;
        }
        static int Getsum()
        {
            int sum = 0;
            Console.WriteLine("使用`Task`執(zhí)行異步操作.");
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                sum += i;
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            var ret1 = AsyncGetsum();
            Console.WriteLine("主線程執(zhí)行其他處理");
            for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
                Console.WriteLine("Call Main()");
            int result = ret1.Result;     //阻塞主線程
            Console.WriteLine("任務(wù)執(zhí)行結(jié)果：{0}", result);
        }
        async static Task<int> AsyncGetsum()
        {
            await Task.Delay(1);
            int sum = 0;
            Console.WriteLine("使用`Task`執(zhí)行異步操作.");
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                sum += i;
            }
            return sum;
        }
    }
}

2.2　線程等待、延續(xù)和組合

2.2.1 Task的線程等待和延續(xù)主要以下幾類：

• Wait：針對單個Task的實例，可以task1.wait進行線程等待

• WaitAny：線程列表中任何一個線程執(zhí)行完畢即可執(zhí)行（阻塞主線程）

• WaitAll：線程列表中所有線程執(zhí)行完畢方可執(zhí)行（阻塞主線程）

• WhenAny：與ContinueWith配合,線程列表中任何一個執(zhí)行完畢，則繼續(xù)ContinueWith中的任務(wù)（開啟新線程，不阻塞主線程）

• WhenAll：與ContinueWith配合,線程列表中所有線程執(zhí)行完畢，則繼續(xù)ContinueWith中的任務(wù)（開啟新線程，不阻塞主線程）

• ContinueWith：與WhenAny或WhenAll配合使用

• ContinueWhenAny：等價于Task的WhenAny+ContinueWith

• ContinueWhenAll：等價于Task的WhenAll+ContinueWith

public static void Main()
{
    //創(chuàng)建一個任務(wù)
    Task<int> task = new Task<int>(() =>
    {
        int sum = 0;
        Console.WriteLine("使用`Task`執(zhí)行異步操作.");
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
        {
            sum += i;
        }
        return sum;
    });
    //啟動任務(wù),并安排到當前任務(wù)隊列線程中執(zhí)行任務(wù)(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler)
    task.Start();
    Console.WriteLine("主線程執(zhí)行其他處理");
    //任務(wù)完成時執(zhí)行處理。
    Task cwt = task.ContinueWith(t =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine("任務(wù)完成后的執(zhí)行結(jié)果：{0}", t.Result.ToString());
    });
    task.Wait();
    cwt.Wait();
    
    Action<string,int> log = (name,time) =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"{name}任務(wù)開始...");
        Thread.Sleep(time);
        Console.WriteLine($"{name}任務(wù)結(jié)束!");
    };
    List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>
    {
        Task.Run(() => log("張三",3000)),
        Task.Run(() => log("李四",1000)),
        Task.Run(() => log("王五",2000))
    };
    //以下語句逐個測試效果
    Task.WaitAny(tasks.ToArray());
    Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
    Task.WhenAny(tasks.ToArray()).ContinueWith(x => Console.WriteLine("某個Task執(zhí)行完畢"));
    Task.WhenAll(tasks.ToArray()).ContinueWith(x => Console.WriteLine("所有Task執(zhí)行完畢"));
    Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAny(tasks.ToArray(), x => Console.WriteLine("某個Task執(zhí)行完畢"));
    Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAll(tasks.ToArray(), x => Console.WriteLine("所有Task執(zhí)行完畢"));
    Console.Read();
}

2.2.2 任務(wù)的串行

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    ConcurrentStack<int> stack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();
    //t1先串行
    var t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
    {
        stack.Push(1);
        stack.Push(2);
    });
    //t2,t3并行執(zhí)行
    var t2 = t1.ContinueWith(t =>
    {
        int result;
        stack.TryPop(out result);
        Console.WriteLine("Task t2 result={0},Thread id {1}", result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
    });
    //t2,t3并行執(zhí)行
    var t3 = t1.ContinueWith(t =>
    {
        int result;
        stack.TryPop(out result);
        Console.WriteLine("Task t3 result={0},Thread id {1}", result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
    });
    //等待t2和t3執(zhí)行完
    Task.WaitAll(t2, t3);
    //t4串行執(zhí)行
    var t4 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine("當前集合元素個數(shù)：{0},Thread id {1}", stack.Count, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
    });
    t4.Wait();
}

2.2.3 子任務(wù)

public static void Main()
{
    Task<string[]> parent = new Task<string[]>(state =>
    {
        Console.WriteLine(state);
        string[] result = new string[2];
        //創(chuàng)建并啟動子任務(wù)
        new Task(() => { result[0] = "我是子任務(wù)1"; }, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent).Start();
        new Task(() => { result[1] = "我是子任務(wù)2"; }, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent).Start();
        return result;
    }, "我是父任務(wù)，并在我的處理過程中創(chuàng)建多個子任務(wù)，所有子任務(wù)完成以后我才會結(jié)束執(zhí)行");
    //任務(wù)完成后執(zhí)行
    parent.ContinueWith(t =>
    {
        Array.ForEach(t.Result, r => Console.WriteLine(r));
    });    
    parent.Start(); //啟動父任務(wù)
    parent.Wait();//等待任務(wù)結(jié)束Wait只能等待父線程結(jié)束,沒辦法等到父線程的ContinueWith結(jié)束
    Console.ReadLine();
}

2.2.4 動態(tài)并行

TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent父任務(wù)等待所有子任務(wù)完成后整個任務(wù)才算完成

class Node
{
    public Node Left { get; set; }
    public Node Right { get; set; }
    public string Text { get; set; }
}
class Program
{
    static Node GetNode()
    {
        Node root = new Node
        {
            Left = new Node
            {
                Left = new Node{ Text = "L-L" },
                Right = new Node{ Text = "L-R" },
                Text = "L"
            },
            Right = new Node
            {
                Left = new Node{ Text = "R-L" },
                Right = new Node{ Text = "R-R" },
                Text = "R"
            },
            Text = "Root"
        };
        return root;
    }
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Node root = GetNode();
        DisplayTree(root);
    }
    static void DisplayTree(Node root)
    {
        var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(root),
                                        CancellationToken.None,
                                        TaskCreationOptions.None,
                                        TaskScheduler.Default);
        task.Wait();
    }
    static void DisplayNode(Node current)
    {
        if (current.Left != null)
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(current.Left),
                                        CancellationToken.None,
                                        TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent,
                                        TaskScheduler.Default);
        if (current.Right != null)
            Task.Factory.StartNew(() => DisplayNode(current.Right),
                                        CancellationToken.None,
                                        TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent,
                                        TaskScheduler.Default);
        Console.WriteLine("當前節(jié)點的值為{0};處理的ThreadId={1}", current.Text, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
    }
}

2.3　取消任務(wù)

private static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds, CancellationToken token)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Task {0} 正在運行,當前線程id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
        name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
    for (int i = 0; i < seconds; i++)
    {
        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(1));
        if (token.IsCancellationRequested) return -1;
    }
    return 42 * seconds;
}
private static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
    var longTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 1", 10, cts.Token), cts.Token);
    Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status);
    cts.Cancel();
    Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status);
    Console.WriteLine("第一個任務(wù)在執(zhí)行前已被取消");
    cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
    longTask = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 2", 10, cts.Token), cts.Token);
    longTask.Start();
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(0.5));
        Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status);
    }
    cts.Cancel();
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(0.5));
        Console.WriteLine(longTask.Status);
    }
    Console.WriteLine("任務(wù)已完成,結(jié)果為 {0}.", longTask.Result);
}

2.4　處理異常

2.4.1 單個任務(wù)

static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
        name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
    Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(seconds));
    throw new Exception("Boom!");
    return 42 * seconds;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
    try
    {
        Task<int> task = Task.Run(() => TaskMethod("Task 2", 2));
        int result = task.GetAwaiter().GetResult();
        Console.WriteLine("Result: {0}", result);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Task 2 Exception caught: {0}", ex.Message);
    }
    Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------");
    Console.ReadLine();
}

2.4.2 多個任務(wù)

static int TaskMethod(string name, int seconds)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on a thread id {1}. Is thread pool thread: {2}",
        name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
    Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(seconds));
    throw new Exception(string.Format("Task {0} Boom!", name));
    return 42 * seconds;
}
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    try
    {
        var t1 = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 3", 3));
        var t2 = new Task<int>(() => TaskMethod("Task 4", 2));
        var complexTask = Task.WhenAll(t1, t2);
        var exceptionHandler = complexTask.ContinueWith(t =>
                Console.WriteLine("Result: {0}", t.Result),
                TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted
            );
        t1.Start();
        t2.Start();
        Task.WaitAll(t1, t2);
    }
    catch (AggregateException ex)
    {
        ex.Handle(exception =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine(exception.Message);
            return true;
        });
    }
}

2.4.3 async/await的方式

class Program
{
    static async Task ThrowNotImplementedExceptionAsync()
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
    static async Task ThrowInvalidOperationExceptionAsync()
    {
        throw new InvalidOperationException();
    }
    static async Task Normal()
    {
        await Fun();
    }
    static Task Fun()
    {
        return Task.Run(() =>
        {
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("i={0}", i);
                Thread.Sleep(200);
            }
        });
    }
    static async Task ObserveOneExceptionAsync()
    {
        var task1 = ThrowNotImplementedExceptionAsync();
        var task2 = ThrowInvalidOperationExceptionAsync();
        var task3 = Normal();
        try
        {
            Task allTasks = Task.WhenAll(task1, task2, task3); //異步的方式
            await allTasks;
            //Task.WaitAll(task1, task2, task3); //同步的方式
        }
        catch (NotImplementedException ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("task1 任務(wù)報錯!");
        }
        catch (InvalidOperationException ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("task2 任務(wù)報錯!");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("任務(wù)報錯!");
        }
    }
    public static void Main()
    {
        Task task = ObserveOneExceptionAsync();
        Console.WriteLine("主線程繼續(xù)運行........");
        task.Wait();
    }
}

2.5　Task.fromResult

此方法創(chuàng)建一個Task<TResult>對象，該對象的Task<TResult>.Result屬性為result，其Status屬性為RanToCompletion。 當立即知道任務(wù)的返回值而不執(zhí)行更長的代碼路徑時，通常使用方法。

class Program
{
    static IDictionary<string, string> cache = new Dictionary<string, string>()
    {
        {"0001","A"}, {"0002","B"}, {"0003","C"},
        {"0004","D"}, {"0005","E"}, {"0006","F"}
    };
    public static void Main()
    {
        Task<string> task = GetValuefromCache("0006");
        Console.WriteLine("主程序繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。。。。");
        string result = task.Result;
        Console.WriteLine("result={0}", result);
    }
    private static Task<string> GetValuefromCache(string key)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("GetValuefromCache開始執(zhí)行。。。。");
        string result = string.Empty;
        //Task.Delay(5000);
        Thread.Sleep(5000);
        Console.WriteLine("GetValuefromCache繼續(xù)執(zhí)行。。。。");
        if (cache.TryGetValue(key, out result))
        {
            return Task.fromResult(result);
        }
        return Task.fromResult("");
    }
}

2.6　Factory.fromAsync

簡APM模式（委托）轉(zhuǎn)換為任務(wù)，BeginXXX和EndXXX

2.6.1 帶回調(diào)方式的

class Program
{
    private delegate string AsynchronousTask(string threadName);
    private static string Test(string threadName)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("開始...");
        Console.WriteLine("線程池是線程嗎: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(2));
        Thread.CurrentThread.Name = threadName;
        return string.Format("線程名稱: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
    }
    private static void Callback(IAsyncResult ar)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("開始一個回調(diào)...");
        Console.WriteLine("傳遞給callbak的狀態(tài): {0}", ar.AsyncState);
        Console.WriteLine("線程池是線程嗎: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
        Console.WriteLine("線程池工作線程id: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
    }
    //執(zhí)行的流程是:先執(zhí)行Test--->Callback--->task.ContinueWith
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        AsynchronousTask d = Test;
        Console.WriteLine("Option 1");
        Task<string> task = Task<string>.Factory.fromAsync(
            d.BeginInvoke("AsyncTaskThread", Callback, "委托異步調(diào)用"), d.EndInvoke);
        task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("完成回調(diào), 現(xiàn)在繼續(xù)! Result: {0}", t.Result));
        while (!task.IsCompleted)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(0.5));
        }
        Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
    }
}

2.6.2 不帶回調(diào)方式的

class Program
{
    private delegate string AsynchronousTask(string threadName);
    private static string Test(string threadName)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("開始...");
        Console.WriteLine("線程池是線程嗎: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
        Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(2));
        Thread.CurrentThread.Name = threadName;
        return string.Format("線程名稱: {0}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
    }
    //執(zhí)行的流程是:先執(zhí)行Test--->task.ContinueWith
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        AsynchronousTask d = Test;
        Task<string> task = Task<string>.Factory.fromAsync(
            d.BeginInvoke, d.EndInvoke, "AsyncTaskThread", "委托異步調(diào)用");
        task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("任務(wù)完成，現(xiàn)在運行一個延續(xù)! Result: {0}", t.Result));
        while (!task.IsCompleted)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.fromSeconds(0.5));
        }
        Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
    }
}

2.6.3 Task啟動帶參數(shù)和返回值的函數(shù)任務(wù)

方法1

private int MyTest(object i)
{
    this.Invoke(new Action(() =>
    {
        pictureBox1.Visible = true;
    }));
    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000);
    MessageBox.Show("hello:" + i);
    this.Invoke(new Action(() =>
    {
        pictureBox1.Visible = false;
    }));
    return 0;
}
private void Call()
{
    //Func<string, string> funcOne = delegate(string s){ return "fff"; };
    object i = 55;
    var t = Task<int>.Factory.StartNew(new Func<object, int>(MyTest), i);
}

方法2

private async Task<int> MyTest(object i)
{
    this.Invoke(new Action(() =>
    {
        pictureBox1.Visible = true;
    }));
    HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
    var a = await client.GetAsync("http://www.baidu.com");
    Task<string> s = a.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    MessageBox.Show (s.Result);
    this.Invoke(new Action(() =>
    {
        pictureBox1.Visible = false;
    }));
    return 0;
}
async private void Call()
{
    object i = 55;
    var t = Task<Task<int>>.Factory.StartNew(new Func<object, Task<int>>(MyTest), i);
}

方法3

private async void MyTest()
{
    this.Invoke(new Action(() =>
    {
        pictureBox1.Visible = true;
    }));
    HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
    var a = await client.GetAsync("http://www.baidu.com");
    Task<string> s = a.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    MessageBox.Show (s.Result);
    this.Invoke(new Action(() =>
    {
        pictureBox1.Visible = false;
    }));
}
private void Call()
{
    var t = Task.Run(new Action(MyTest));
    //相當于
    //Thread th= new Thread(new ThreadStart(MyTest));
    //th.Start();
}

2.7　使用IProgress

IProgress<in T>只提供了一個方法void Report(T value)，通過Report方法把一個T類型的值報告給IProgress，然后IProgress<in T>的實現(xiàn)類Progress<in T>的構(gòu)造函數(shù)接收類型為Action<T>的形參，通過這個委托讓進度顯示在UI界面中。

class Program
{
    static void DoProcessing(IProgress<int> progress)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; ++i)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(100);
            if (progress != null)
            {
                progress.Report(i);
            }
        }
    }
    static async Task Display()
    {
        //當前線程
        var progress = new Progress<int>(percent =>
        {
            Console.Clear();
            Console.Write("{0}%", percent);
        });
        //線程池線程
        await Task.Run(() => DoProcessing(progress));
        Console.WriteLine("");
        Console.WriteLine("結(jié)束");
    }
    public static void Main()
    {
        Task task = Display();
        task.Wait();
    }
}

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https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaoshujie/p/11082753.html