let truthyValue = !!1; // truelet falsyValue = !!0; // false

function greet(name = "Guest") {    return `Hello, ${name}!`;}

let price = 100;let message = price > 50 ? "Expensive" : "Cheap";

let item = "coffee";let price = 15;console.log(`One ${item} costs $${price}.`);

 let [x, y] = [1, 2];  let {name, age} = {name: "Alice", age: 30};

let originalArray = [1, 2, 3];let clonedArray = [...originalArray];

  let isValid = true;  isValid && console.log("Valid!");

  let user = {name: "John", address: {city: "New York"}};  console.log(user?.address?.city); // "New York"

  let username = null;  console.log(username ?? "Guest"); // "Guest"

// Map  let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];  let doubled = numbers.map(x => x * 2);
  // Filter  const evens = numbers.filter(x => x % 2 === 0);
  // Reduce  const sum = numbers.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue, 0);

function highlight(strings, ...values) {   return strings.reduce((prev, current, i) => `${prev}${current}${values[i] || ''}`, '');  }  let price = 10;  console.log(highlight`The price is ${price} dollars.`);

  let person = {name: "Alice", age: 25};  let entries = Object.entries(person);  let newPerson = Object.fromEntries(entries);

let numbers = [1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4];  let uniqueNumbers = [...new Set(numbers)];

  let dynamicKey = 'name';  let person = {[dynamicKey]: "Alice"};

  function multiply(a, b) {   return a * b;  }  let double = multiply.bind(null, 2);  console.log(double(5)); // 10

  let nodeList = document.querySelectorAll('div');  let nodeArray = Array.from(nodeList);

  for (let value of ['a', 'b', 'c']) {   console.log(value);  }

let promises = [fetch(url1), fetch(url2)];Promise.all(promises)    .then(responses => console.log('All done'));

function sum(...nums) {    return nums.reduce((acc, current) => acc + current, 0);}

const memoize = (fn) => {    const cache = {};    return (...args) => {        let n = args[0]; // assuming single argument for simplicity        if (n in cache) {            console.log('Fetching from cache');            return cache[n];        } else {            console.log('Calculating result');            let result = fn(n);            cache[n] = result;            return result;        }    };};

let a = 1, b = 2;a ^= b; b ^= a; a ^= b; // a = 2, b = 1

 let nestedArray = [1, [2, [3, [4]]]]; let flatArray = nestedArray.flat(Infinity);

  let str = "123";  let num = +str; // 123 as a number

let items = ['apple', 'orange', 'banana'];let html = `<ul>${items.map(item => `<li>${item}</li>`).join('')}</ul>`;

let items = ['apple', 'orange', 'banana'];let html = `<ul>${items.map(item => `<li>${item}</li>`).join('')}</ul>`;

let options = userOptions || defaultOptions;

  let property = "name";  let value = person[property]; // Equivalent to person.name

  if (myArray.includes("value")) {   // Do something  }

 const greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {   return `${greeting}, ${this.name}${punctuation}`;  };  const greetJohn = greet.bind({name: 'John'}, 'Hello');  console.log(greetJohn('!')); // "Hello, John!"

 let obj = { name: "Immutable" };  Object.freeze(obj);  obj.name = "Mutable"; // Fails silently in non-strict mod